How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a condition only of children, however it can affect adults too. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can improve the quality of life of a person.
A diagnosis for ADHD could involve a conversation with the person and family members. The specialist could examine old school records to determine whether symptoms began as a child.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a condition that affects work, school, and home life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized at times. A person must exhibit major symptoms in two of these areas and have a significant impact on the daily functioning of the person to be diagnosed with ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will ask the patient about their symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. They may also use rating systems to assess symptoms in adults or children. These types of questionnaires are typically built on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These questionnaires ask about the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and the tendency to be impulsive.
In adults, doctors may request a conversation with an intimate partner or others who are familiar with the patient. This isn't meant to challenge honesty, but to gain a better understanding of the person's behavior that cannot be gathered from an interview. They might inquire about childhood behavior and refer to old school records to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis the doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and run tests in order to rule other conditions, such as thyroid problems or head injuries, which could cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over a person's medication list. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other issues. This is why it's important for adults to speak to their primary care providers in the event that they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two or more environments (like home, school and at work) and significantly interfere with functioning. They must also have started before the age of 12, and the impairment can't be caused by another disorder, like depression or anxiety.
adult diagnosis of adhd will use various tools to evaluate the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists, standardized behaviour rating scales as well as a thorough medical history. They may interview friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They may also inquire whether there are other psychiatric disorders or physical conditions that have similar symptoms.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also examine the medical history of the patient and family history to make sure there is no root cause of their problems, such as thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In some instances, an evaluator may want to perform cognitive testing or request an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, like learning disabilities, mood disorders, personality disorders or alcohol abuse. People who suffer from these issues typically present differently than those who don't have them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD would like to participate in studies to test out new treatments. While this is a great method to aid in further research, it is important for participants to realize that the purpose behind these studies is to increase scientific knowledge and do not necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information on clinical trials, visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they may have ADHD, it's important to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire for confirmation if ADHD specialists will be covered. You can also ask family doctors or other healthcare professionals for recommendations. Also, word-of mouth referrals are a good choice.
A doctor will inquire with the patient or their parents in the case of children - about their symptoms. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptoms checklists, and ask for details from other people in the person's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insights will reveal more than can be learned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over old school records particularly old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on the person's past, and to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must be present since childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
Physical examinations are also typically performed. It's also a way to check for any other medical issues which could be causing symptoms, such seizures or thyroid problems. The doctor will usually conduct a neurological exam, which checks for motor control and coordination. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can also be used. In addition, a person might be asked to perform simple computer tasks that test memory and attention. This will help the professional determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive or impulsive. The specialist will determine the best treatment plan and then make an assessment. Treatment plans typically include medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults as well as children healthy coping strategies and change unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy is usually performed by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who specializes in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD improve their condition by taking medications, however it's not the only method to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults can also benefit from psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or any combination of the two. These therapies aid them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and help them learn to live with the symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education on ADHD and ways to manage it, may be included. They can also involve family members, teachers and other professionals.
It is crucial to find an expert in mental health or health care provider who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can ask others with ADHD for suggestions or a mental health practitioner you trust. You can also do an online search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To determine if your child has ADHD, the health care professional will inquire about your or your child's symptoms as well as the problems caused by them. They will conduct a physical examination and check for any other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over the medical and family history of your child or you and also school records and other documents.
Finding out if you have ADHD in adults can be trickier because the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are primarily geared towards diagnosing children. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about their symptoms and have others who spend a lot of time with them fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid disorders, like anxiety or depression. The treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy which teaches techniques such as time and task management and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. For example exercising regularly can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is essential for those with ADHD tend to eat more sugar and fat and less vegetables and fruits than other people. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease anxiety and make people feel more in charge of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives adults and children an understanding comprehension of their issues. A child with ADHD may have trouble communicating their requirements to teachers or their friends. Once a teacher understands that this isn't an issue that is solely due to laziness they can provide adjustments.
A professional who evaluates ADHD will ask questions that are geared to the person's age, interview family and teachers, look over medical records, and look for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms first started before age school records could be helpful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the expert will likely test for hearing and vision problems. They may also perform a blood test in order to determine the presence of certain hormones, as well as other health conditions that can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.